This module critically examines the theoretical literature surrounding ‘third wave’ transitions to democracy since the 1970s, using case studies from three regions (Southern Europe, Latin America and East/Central Europe).

It considers the theoretical discourse on transition from authoritarian to democratic rule and the consolidation of democratic practice and seeks to identify those factors, both internal and external, which determine processes of political reform. 

The module addresses questions such as: how and why did authoritarian regimes collapse? What factors influenced the different pathways taken in the (re-)establishment of democratic rule? What problems and difficulties have been experienced, particularly with regard to achieving successful consolidation of democracy? 

The emphasis throughout is on applying and testing the various theoretical approaches, identifying their strengths and weaknesses, and relating them to wider debates around the nature and purpose of democracy.

*Please note the availability of this option module will be confirmed at the start of the academic year.